Sunday, August 9, 2015

Modern construction


 The local Amish had a barn raising last week during which 75 workers constructed a 96 foot long by 60 foot wide barn and an adjoining 40x24 foot room. Total time? Less than 8 hours..."The men started at 7am and by lunch time most of it was done. They expected to be finished by 3pm."

     “The first Kinzua Railroad Bridge was built by a crew of 40 from 1,552 short tons (1,408 t) of wrought iron in just 94 working days, between May 10 and August 29, 1882. The reason for the short construction time was that scaffolding was not used in the bridge's construction; instead a gin pole was used to build the first tower, then a traveling crane was built atop it and used in building the second tower. The process was then repeated across all 20 towers.”
        Meanwhile in Warren the concrete bridge along the two lane main road is being replaced...(with modern power equipment assistance)...Construction began in early May and is projected to be finished in mid-September...over four months..I guess readers can see my point-there seems to be no will for efficient work.

   

Saturday, August 8, 2015

Iranian Nukes

    ~ Despite what the war and fear mongers and other protesters who likely have not even read the Iran nuclear deal say, scientists are the people I prefer to put my trust in regarding such matters. I have read the books and articles of some of the signatories mentioned below and know them to be smart, thoughtful people. It is hard to comprehend the level of ignorance and small mindedness in many of our political leaders, but I suppose that politics in general attracts a certain personality type which does not often include our best minds...The following is from the NY Times:
   "Twenty-nine of the nation’s top scientists — including Nobel laureates, veteran makers of nuclear arms and former White House science advisers — wrote to President Obama on Saturday to praise the Iran deal, calling it innovative and stringent.
The letter, from some of the world’s most knowledgeable experts in the fields of nuclear weapons and arms control, arrives as Mr. Obama is lobbying Congress, the American public and the nation’s allies to support the agreement.
The two-page letter may give the White House arguments a boost after the blow Mr. Obama suffered on Thursday when Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, a Democrat and among the most influential Jewish voices in Congress announced he would oppose the deal, which calls for Iran to curb its nuclear program and allow inspections in return for an end to international oil and financial sanctions.
The first signature on the letter is from Richard L. Garwin, a physicist who helped design the world’s first hydrogen bomb and has long advised Washington on nuclear weapons and arms control. He is among the last living physicists who helped usher in the nuclear age. Also signing is Siegfried S. Hecker, a Stanford professor who, from 1986 to 1997, directed the Los Alamos weapons laboratory...
      Other prominent signatories include Freeman Dyson of Princeton, Sidney Drell of Stanford and Rush D. Holt, a physicist and former member of Congress who now leads the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the world’s largest general scientific society.
Most of the 29 who signed the letter are physicists, and many of them have held what the government calls Q clearances — granting access to a special category of secret information that bears on the design of nuclear arms and is considered equivalent to the military’s top secret security clearance.
Many of them have advised Congress, the White House or federal agencies over the decades. For instance, Frank von Hippel, a Princeton physicist, served as assistant director for national security in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy during the Clinton administration.
The five Nobel laureates who signed are Leon N. Cooper of Brown University; Sheldon L. Glashow of Boston University; David Gross of the University of California, Santa Barbara; Burton Richter of Stanford; and Frank Wilczek of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
The letter uses the words “innovative” and “stringent” more than a half-dozen times, saying, for instance, that the Iran accord has “more stringent constraints than any previously negotiated nonproliferation framework.”

Monday, July 27, 2015

Animal Life...

     One of the wonderful things about this area-and I admit I don't report on them enough-is that one occasionally sees wild life near town that simply does not exist in more populated places. So as I sat in the parking lot of Walmart waiting for the light to change, a bald eagle flew directly over the car, flying as unhurriedly as if it were in the wilds of Alaska. That is not a common sight but neither is it rare, for they nest right on the edge of town, feeding in the Allegheny and Conewango rivers. This individual likely was returning from the latter to the mountains right behind the store. On the 24th I had to restrain the dog from chasing another porcupine, which are abundant locally and one of which had stuck her face with quills about five years ago. Apparently she did not remember the experience for I had to yell several times to call her back, otherwise she would easily have caught its slow moving form and suffered the same consequence. We also see deer and black bear in town and coyote anywhere, and the streams contain native trout. Fortunately, two life forms that are rare in Warren are ticks and mosquitoes, which is surprising given the abundance of water. It is possible to go an entire summer without seeing more than two or three-and I am not one to sit indoors during the warm months!

Wednesday, May 27, 2015

Reality

     Below is a recent article from the online site 'Science Daily' outlining the weirdness of quantum physics...I like to remind people that our brains are constructed of this stuff, and to follow the Buddhist advice not to cling too tightly to anything-including opinions...
        
>>The bizarre nature of reality as laid out by quantum theory has survived another test, with scientists performing a famous experiment and proving that reality does not exist until it is measured.
Physicists at The Australian National University (ANU) have conducted John Wheeler's delayed-choice thought experiment, which involves a moving object that is given the choice to act like a particle or a wave. Wheeler's experiment then asks -- at which point does the object decide?
Common sense says the object is either wave-like or particle-like, independent of how we measure it. But quantum physics predicts that whether you observe wave like behavior (interference) or particle behavior (no interference) depends only on how it is actually measured at the end of its journey. This is exactly what the ANU team found.
"It proves that measurement is everything. At the quantum level, reality does not exist if you are not looking at it," said Associate Professor Andrew Truscott from the ANU Research School of Physics and Engineering.
Despite the apparent weirdness, the results confirm the validity of quantum theory, which governs the world of the very small, and has enabled the development of many technologies such as LEDs, lasers and computer chips.
The ANU team not only succeeded in building the experiment, which seemed nearly impossible when it was proposed in 1978, but reversed Wheeler's original concept of light beams being bounced by mirrors, and instead used atoms scattered by laser light.
"Quantum physics predictions about interference seem odd enough when applied to light, which seems more like a wave, but to have done the experiment with atoms, which are complicated things that have mass and interact with electric fields and so on, adds to the weirdness," said PhD student Roman Khakimov.
Professor Truscott's team first trapped a collection of helium atoms in a suspended state known as a Bose-Einstein condensate, and then ejected them until there was only a single atom left.
The single atom was then dropped through a pair of counter-propagating laser beams, which formed a grating pattern that acted as crossroads in the same way a solid grating would scatter light.
A second light grating to recombine the paths was randomly added, which led to constructive or destructive interference as if the atom had travelled both paths. When the second light grating was not added, no interference was observed as if the atom chose only one path.
However, the random number determining whether the grating was added was only generated after the atom had passed through the crossroads.
If one chooses to believe that the atom really did take a particular path or paths then one has to accept that a future measurement is affecting the atom's past, said Truscott.
"The atoms did not travel from A to B. It was only when they were measured at the end of the journey that their wave-like or particle-like behavior was brought into existence," he said.<<


        

Saturday, April 18, 2015

Ahh...Spring...?

Finally some sun and warm air, so we have been able to get out on the mountain bikes a few times. Unfortunately, this being Western PA there are snow showers and a high temperature of 45 predicted for the end of next week...POSTSCRIPT: April 23...Snow overnight continues today, accumulating an inch in town and 3 inches in other places...April snows are not uncommon around here and fortunately are short lived. POSTSCRIPT: May 2...Saw the first butterfly yesterday, a Spring Azure blue, and today the first cabbage butterfly and also an American Copper. Two to three weeks later than most years.

Saturday, March 28, 2015

January Revisited


No doubt I beat a dead horse regarding the weather around here, but as a warm weather person I am astounded ( disgusted...)by  how crummy it can be. These pics were taken an hour ago about 1/2 mile from downtown Warren at a place called Morrison Run. The creek, which flows through a wooded valley then underneath the railroad tunnel beside the road,  empties into the Allegheny river a quarter mile further downstream.The ice ledge in the last photograph is two feet thick and the snow in the woods is about a foot deep. The road itself is solid ice covered by last nights dusting of snowfall, and because this area is shaded by Hemlock trees and the steep  terrain, it likely won't fully melt for another three weeks. The dog and I had been unable to access the road for almost two months because of the snow( her legs literally are not long enough), and only the past two weeks of moderate melting have progressed things this far. The snow has melted elsewhere except for  plowed piles, thus coming here is like entering a separate micro climate-as if we had risen several thousand feet in elevation. Although I do appreciate the beauty of winter, after four months it grows tedious, and I long to wear short sleeves and ride my mountain bike...
POSTSCRIPT: March 31st- Five more inches of snow so far this morning...Really? I mean..really?

Sunday, February 15, 2015

Winter 2015 Postscript




Coldest day of the year with about 1 1/2 feet of snow on the ground...nothing compared to Boston but much worse than Denver or even Billings, Montana...Global warming lately has meant cold and wet east of the Mississippi and warm and dry to the west...The Conewango river empties into the Allegheny river just beyond that last bench, both of them frozen solid enough for ice fishing. A 93 year old woman says that she cannot recall such a prolonged cold spell in Warren although she does remember the river freezing in the past. The coldest local temperature this day was about seven miles from here at -32F. If the temperature goes above 32 F next week it will be the first time in weeks.
POSTSCRIPT: March 21st-The map illustrates global temperatures for the 3 months of December, January and February. It indicates that-unlike most of the planet-the area east of the Mississippi is in some kind of polar trough that has broken all previous records. Of course, some east coast people dismiss the concept of global warming because of this anomaly, and prefer to mock Al Gore etc. Personally, I prefer to trust the science, although I must admit that I am not all that concerned about the eventual effects of climate change. Carbon dioxide levels have been much higher in the past during which time temporal forests and dinosaurs survived near the north pole. Certainly present day life will have to adapt to the changing environment, which means that Florida and Manhattan may eventually be underwater and the west will have to import water or substantially increase desalination and other measures. Granted, I do not see the political nor personal will in most people to address the problems voluntarily( ..hence the resurgence in truck and SUV sales as soon as gasoline prices went down last month), but I assume that societies will adapt by necessity rather than choice, which is typical  human nature...That is, if the oceans and other ecosystems do not crash completely and kill all of us...